英语翻译由于变速器输入轴与输出轴以各自的速度旋转,变换档位时合存在一个"同步"问题.两个旋转速度不一样齿轮强行啮合必然会

英语翻译
由于变速器输入轴与输出轴以各自的速度旋转,变换档位时合存在一个"同步"问题.两个旋转速度不一样齿轮强行啮合必然会发生冲击碰撞,损坏齿轮.因此,旧式变速器的换档要采用"两脚离合"的方式,升档在空档位置停留片刻,减档要在空档位置加油门,以减少齿轮的转速差.但这个操作比较复杂,难以掌握精确.因此设计师创造出"同步器",通过同步器使将要啮合的齿轮达到一致的转速而顺利啮合
相邻档位相互转换时,应该采取不同操作步骤的道理同样适用于移动齿轮换档的情况,只是前者的待接合齿圈与接合套的转动角速度要求一致,而后者的待接合齿轮啮合点的线速度要求一致,但所依据的速度分析原理是一样的.
变速器的换档操作,尤其是从高档向低档的换档操作比较复杂,而且很容易产生轮齿或花键齿间的冲击.为了简化操作,并避免齿间冲击,可以在换档装置中设置同步器
同步器经过不断的研究和发展,现在同步器已经有常压式、惯性式和惯性增力式三种.常压式同步器虽然结构简单,但有不能保证齿合件在同步状态下（即角速度相等）换档的缺点,现在已经不在使用.得到广泛应用的是惯性式同步器.
惯性同步器,它主要由接合套、同步锁环等组成,它的特点是依靠摩擦作用实现同步.
接合套、同步锁环和待接合齿轮的齿圈上均有倒角（锁止角）,同步锁环的内锥面与待接合齿轮齿圈外锥面接触产生摩擦.锁止角与锥面在设计时已作了适当选择,锥面摩擦使得待啮合的齿套与齿圈迅速同步,同时又会产生一种锁止作用,防止齿轮在同步前进行啮合.
当同步锁环内锥面与待接合齿轮齿圈外锥面接触后,在摩擦力矩的作用下齿轮转速迅速降低（或升高）到与同步锁环转速相等,两者同步旋转,齿轮相对于同步锁环的转速为零,因而惯性力矩也同时消失,这时在作用力的推动下,接合套不受阻碍地与同步锁环齿圈接合,并进一步与待接合齿轮的齿圈接合而完成换档过程
本课题主要是通过Pro/E（或UG等）软件对汽车同步器进行三维造型结构设计,并通过参数化实现其结构设计程序化,在此基础上,利用ANSYS有限元软件对典型同步器结构进行有限元计算与分析,通过结构分析对其结构设计的合理性作出评价并提出改进设计建议

Since transmission input shaft and output shaft to the speed of their rotation,transform a stall when there is a "simultaneous".Two rotational speed is not the same gear forced meshing impact of the collision will occur,damaged gear.Therefore,the old transmission to shift the "two-off" approach,or file location in the free stay for a while,by stalls in the free position refueling door,in order to reduce the speed differential gears.However,this operation is more complicated,difficult to grasp accurate.So designers created a "simultaneous",to be adopted simultaneously allows the meshing of gears to achieve the same speed and smooth meshing
Adjacent stall conversion,we should take different steps of the truth applies equally to the mobile gear shift,the question is the former joint engagement ring gear and sets the requirements of the same angular velocity rotation,and the latter the question of joint gears meshing point Line speed,but the analysis is based on the principle of speed is the same.
Transmission shift operations,especially from high-end of the shift to low-grade operation is more complicated,and it's easy to spend a tooth or the impact of bond between teeth.To streamline the operation and avoid impact between teeth can shift device set Synchronizer
After the synchronization with the research and development,now has a synchronizer-atmospheric,and inertial force of inertia by three.Although the pressure synchronized with simple structure,but there is no guarantee that in the teeth of a synchronous state (that is the same angular velocity) shift the shortcomings,now is not in use.Been widely used is customarily synchronizer.
Synchronization inertia,mainly from the joint units,composed of sync lock ring,which is characterized by relying on the role of friction synchronized.
Joint sets,to be simultaneously lock engagement ring and the ring gear on the gear are Chamfer (Lock Kok),lock ring simultaneously with the question of the cone gear engagement ring gear,cone contact with friction.Lock angle in the design and the cone has made the appropriate choice,cone friction that makes the engagement ring gear tooth sets and the rapid synchronization,and will produce a Lock role and to prevent the gear before engaging in sync.
When the lock ring simultaneously with the question cone gear engagement ring gear,cone after contact friction moment in the role of the rapid speed of gear to reduce (or increase) to synchronize with the speed equivalent to lock ring,the two synchronous rotation,relative to gear Central lock synchronization speed is zero,thus inertia torque also disappeared,then in force under the impetus of engagement sets unhindered and synchronization lock Gear engagement ring,and further engagement with the question of gear engagement ring gear and completed Shift process
The topics mainly through the Pro / E (or UG) synchronization software for the car to three-dimensional modeling structural design,and through the parameters of the design process to achieve its structure,and on this basis,the use of ANSYS FEM software structure of the typical synchronization And a finite element analysis,through structural analysis of its structural design is reasonable to assess and make recommendations to improve the design