英语翻译now graze on autumn-sown cereal crops (McKay et al.1996)

英语翻译
now graze on autumn-sown cereal crops (McKay et al.
1996).
Small-scale experiments to transplant intertidal Zostera
spp.as a possible precursor to larger-scale transplants
to reduce erosion and to benefit the feeding by
birds,have been unsuccessful (M.Dixon,personal communication,
personal observation).One reason for these
failures could be related to the activities of the macrofauna
inhabiting the sediment.Hughes (1999) suggested
that the activities of the infauna were responsible,at
least in part,for the loss of the pioneer zone vegetation,
through bioturbation and herbivory.This conclusion was
based on the results of Gerdol and Hughes (1993),who
showed that the amphipod Corophium volutator prevented
colonisation of mud by the pioneer zone plant Salicornia
europaea,and those of Smith et al.(1996),who
showed that the amphipods and the polychaete Nereis diversicolor
reduced the abundance of epipelic diatoms.
Hughes (1999) extended these observations and demonstrated
that C.volutator and N.diversicolor,also prevented
colonisation of the mud by filamentous algae.
These algae,together with epipelic diatoms,Salicornia
and Zostera spp.should be the first plants to colonise
mud in these estuaries,and should start the processes of
successional development of vegetated marsh rarely seen
in south-east England.
Nereis diversicolor (hereafter referred to as Nereis) is
widespread and abundant in these estuaries (Hughes and
Gerdol 1997).Nereis burrow to a depth of 10–40 cm and
are predominantly surface deposit feeders (see Smith et
al.1996 for recent review).They partially emerge from
their burrows to engulf sediment and larger particles,including
plant material,before withdrawing into their
burrows (Olivier et al.1996).Hughes (1999) considered
the possibility that Nereis has increased in abundance
over the past few decades,as it has in the Wadden Sea
(e.g.Beukema 1989; Jensen 1992),and consequently
may have had,and may continue to have,an effect on
the ecology of these systems,including the potential to
reduce colonisation of mud by pioneering plants.This
paper considers the possibility that the activities of Nereis
reduce the potential for Zostera spp.to expand their
range,and may explain some of the failure of the previous
Zostera transplant experiments.The approach was to
transplant Z.noltii into areas where Nereis were common,
but to protect some of the plants from the effects of
the polychaetes.These field experiments were complemented
by laboratory experiments in which plant performance
in the presence and absence of Nereis was compared.

现在放牧对秋种谷类作物（麦凯等人.
1996年） .
小规模的实验,以移植间zostera
最高人民检察院.作为一个可能的前体,以较大规模的移植
以减少侵蚀和,以造福于喂养由
鸟类,已失败（米狄克逊,个人通讯,
个人的观察） .原因之一是这些
失败可能与活动,该大型底栖动物
栖息在泥沙.休斯（ 1999 ）建议
该活动的infauna负责人,在
至少有一部分,为失去的先驱区植被,
通过生物扰动和虫食.这个结论是
结果的基础上,gerdol和休斯（ 1993年） ,谁
显示该amphipod corophium volutator阻止
集群的泥中的先驱植物区蓬
欧洲,和那些史密斯等人.（ 1996年） ,谁
显示该amphipods和polychaete沙蚕diversicolor
减少了大量的epipelic硅藻.
休斯（ 1999年）延长了这些意见和证明,
这三volutator和12月31日diversicolor ,还阻止
集群的泥浆由丝状藻类.
这些藻类,连同epipelic硅藻,蓬
和zostera最高人民检察院.应首先植物colonise
在这些泥河口,并应启动过程
演替的发展,植物的沼泽罕见
在东南英格兰.
沙蚕diversicolor （以下简称为沙蚕）
广泛而丰富,在这些河口（ Hughes和
gerdol 1997年） .沙蚕洞穴,以深度10-40厘米和
主要是表面存款饲（见史密斯等
基地.1996年,为最近的检讨） .他们部分出现
他们的洞穴吞噬沉积物和较大的颗粒,包括
植物材料之前,撤回到他们的
洞穴（奥利维尔等人.1996年） .休斯（ 1999 ）考虑
的可能性,沙蚕增加了在丰度
在过去数十年,因为它在海上wadden
（例如伯克马1989年;詹森1992年） ,和因此
可能有,而且可能会继续有,影响了
生态这些系统,包括潜力
减少集群的泥开拓植物.这个
文件认为,一个可能性,就是活动的沙蚕
减少了潜在的zostera最高人民检察院.扩大
范围,并可能解释一些失败的前
zostera移植实验.该办法是
移植Z的noltii到地方,沙蚕共同的,
而是为了保护一些植物从影响
该polychaetes .这些田间试验的补充
由实验中,植物的表现
在存在和缺乏沙蚕进行了比较.