神马作文网求：6种从句的分类以及结构
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求：6种从句的分类以及结构
英语中6种从句的分类以及结构
英语中6种从句的分类以及结构
宾语从句
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式.
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时).
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.
状语从句
(2)对于状语从句, 我们主要学习了时间状语从句和条件状语从句.对于这两种状语从句, 除了注意语序要用陈述句语序外, 在时态上尤其要注意, “主将从现”这种结构(即: 当主句是将来时态时候), 从句如果也要用将来时, 则必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的连接词通常为: when, while, as soon as, until和if.所以, 当连接词为以上五个词时, 如果主句是将来时, 就要考虑从句是否也要用将来时, 如果是, 则用“主将从现”结构, 其它还有由so…that…构成的结果状语从句, 由Though…或…but…, 构成的让步状语从句和由because或so构成的原因状语从句, 注意Though(虽然)与but(但是), because(因为)与so(所以)不能同时出现在句子里, 只用其中之一表达汉语中两个词的意义.
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.
如：What What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金.
This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的.
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因.
His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有.
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序.
as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句.
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事.
It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了.
同位语从句
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如：
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.
五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：
The news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.
（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.
（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.（that在从句中不充当任何成份.）
The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊.
（that在从句中作gave的宾语.）
定语从句(很麻烦的说~)
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有：when, where, why等.
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语）
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.
3 .判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)
(1)对于宾语从句要掌握以下三点
①语序: 从句的语序必须是陈述句语序, 即“主语 + 谓语”这种形式.
②时态: 当主句是一般现在时或一般将来时的时候, 从句可以是任何时态, 而当主句是一般过去时的时候, 从句, 从句时态必须是过去时范围的时态, 即(一般过去时, 过去进行时, 过去完成时, 过去将来时).
③连接词: 当从句意思完整, 主句意思肯定时, 连接词用that, 且可以省去, 当从句意思完整, 主句意思不确定或含否定含意时, 常用if或whether(是否), 当从句意思不完整时, 连接词则是代替不完整部分的特殊疑问词.
状语从句
(2)对于状语从句, 我们主要学习了时间状语从句和条件状语从句.对于这两种状语从句, 除了注意语序要用陈述句语序外, 在时态上尤其要注意, “主将从现”这种结构(即: 当主句是将来时态时候), 从句如果也要用将来时, 则必须用一般现在时代替一般将来时, 时间状语从句和条件状语从句的连接词通常为: when, while, as soon as, until和if.所以, 当连接词为以上五个词时, 如果主句是将来时, 就要考虑从句是否也要用将来时, 如果是, 则用“主将从现”结构, 其它还有由so…that…构成的结果状语从句, 由Though…或…but…, 构成的让步状语从句和由because或so构成的原因状语从句, 注意Though(虽然)与but(但是), because(因为)与so(所以)不能同时出现在句子里, 只用其中之一表达汉语中两个词的意义.
表语从句
在句子中起表语作用的从句叫做表语从句,位于主句系动词的后面.表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同.也是名词性从句的一种.
如：What What the police want to know is when you enred red the room警察想知道的是你什么时候进的房间.
The The trouble is that we are short of funds困难是我们缺乏资金.
This This is what we should do这是我们应当做的.
That”s s why I want you to work there那就是我要你在那儿工作的原因.
His His first question was whether Mr. Smith had arrived yet他的第一个问题是史密斯先生到了没有.
注意：从句中的疑问句用正常语序,即陈述语序.
as as if, as though, becau也可用来引导表语从句.
She She seems as if she had done a great thing她看起来好像做了一件大事.
It It is because you eat too much那是因为你吃得太多了.
同位语从句
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如：
I heard the news that our team had won．我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I had no idea that you were here．我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word（消息）,possibility等.如：
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon． 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.（注：if,which 不能引导同位语从句.）如：
l have no idea When he will be back．我不知道他什么时候回来.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如：
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them．
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.
五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容；而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如：
The news that l hove passed the exam is true．我通过了考试这一消息是真的.
（同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.）
The news that he told me just now is true．他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.
（定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.）
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如：
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.（that在从句中不充当任何成份.）
The idea that he gave surprises many people．他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊.
（that在从句中作gave的宾语.）
定语从句(很麻烦的说~)
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词.定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出.
关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等.
关系副词有：when, where, why等.
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分.关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致.
1）who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?（who/that在从句中作主语）
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人.（whom/that在从句中作宾语）
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换）, 例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙.
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书.
3）which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣.（which / that在句中作宾语）
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了.(which / that在句中作宾语）
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语.
1）when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2）that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略,例如：
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了.
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方.
3 .判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一： 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词.及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词.例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
判断改错（注：先显示题,再显示答案,横线；用不同的颜色表示出.）
（错） This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
（对） This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
（对） I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起.此两题错在关系词的误用上.
方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.
例1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days age?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D,例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ___ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held.
在句1中,所缺部分为宾语,而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表语,又可做从句的宾语,可以省略关系代词,所以应选D.
而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全,从句部分为句子的状语表地点,既可用副词where,又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语.而此题中,介词on 用的不对,所以选A.
关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分,先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时,选择关系代词 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行词在从句中做状语时,应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语,when 时间状语,why 原因状语)