神马作文网世界卫生组织的流感大流行警告的6个级别分别代表什么?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：神马作文网作业帮 分类：综合作业 时间：2024/11/12 09:42:59
世界卫生组织的流感大流行警告的6个级别分别代表什么?
如题.
如题.
在第一阶段没有病毒之间流传已报告动物造成感染人类.
In Phase 2 an animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is therefore considered a potential pandemic threat. 在第二阶段的动物流感病毒之间流传家养或野生动物是已知对人类造成感染,因此视为最有可能大流行的威胁.
In Phase 3 , an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level outbreaks. 在第三阶段 ,动物或人类,动物流感病毒已造成reassortant散发病例或小群人的疾病,但并未导致人类传播不足以维持社区一级的疫情. Limited human-to-human transmission may occur under some circumstances, for example, when there is close contact between an infected person and an unprotected caregiver. 有限的人类之间传播 , 可能会出现在某些情况下,例如,当人们之间的密切接触感染者和未受保护的照顾. However, limited transmission under such restricted circumstances does not indicate that the virus has gained the level of transmissibility among humans necessary to cause a pandemic. 然而,有限的传输限制在这种情况下并不表明病毒已取得的水平在人与人之间传播必要的可以导致大流行.
Phase 4 is characterized by verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to cause “community-level outbreaks.” The ability to cause sustained disease outbreaks in a community marks a significant upwards shift in the risk for a pandemic. 第4阶段的特点是核实人类传播的动物或人类,动物流感病毒能够reassortant事业“社区一级的爆发. ”能够导致疾病的爆发持续了社会的一个重要转变 , 向上的风险对大流行. Any country that suspects or has verified such an event should urgently consult with WHO so that the situation can be jointly assessed and a decision made by the affected country if implementation of a rapid pandemic containment operation is warranted. 任何国家的嫌疑人或已证实这种情况下应紧急磋商 , 以便与卫生组织的情况可以共同评估和作出的决定受影响的国家 , 如果实施行动迅速流行遏制必要. Phase 4 indicates a significant increase in risk of a pandemic but does not necessarily mean that a pandemic is a forgone conclusion. 第4阶段显示出显着增加风险大流行 , 但并不一定意味着大流行是一个放弃的结论.
Phase 5 is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region. 第5阶段的特点是人与人之间传播的病毒至少有两个国家的人地区. While most countries will not be affected at this stage, the declaration of Phase 5 is a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the organization, communication, and implementation of the planned mitigation measures is short. 虽然大多数国家将不会受到影响在这个阶段,该宣言的第5阶段是一个强有力的信号 , 即大流行迫在眉睫 , 而且时间完成本组织,沟通和执行计划的缓解措施是短.
Phase 6 , the pandemic phase, is characterized by community level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5 . 第一阶段6大流行阶段,特点是社区一级的疫情 , 至少有一个其他国家在不同的地区 , 除了世界卫生组织的标准定义的第5阶段 . Designation of this phase will indicate that a global pandemic is under way. 这一阶段的指定将显示 , 全球大流行的工作正在进行.
In Phase 2 an animal influenza virus circulating among domesticated or wild animals is known to have caused infection in humans, and is therefore considered a potential pandemic threat. 在第二阶段的动物流感病毒之间流传家养或野生动物是已知对人类造成感染,因此视为最有可能大流行的威胁.
In Phase 3 , an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus has caused sporadic cases or small clusters of disease in people, but has not resulted in human-to-human transmission sufficient to sustain community-level outbreaks. 在第三阶段 ,动物或人类,动物流感病毒已造成reassortant散发病例或小群人的疾病,但并未导致人类传播不足以维持社区一级的疫情. Limited human-to-human transmission may occur under some circumstances, for example, when there is close contact between an infected person and an unprotected caregiver. 有限的人类之间传播 , 可能会出现在某些情况下,例如,当人们之间的密切接触感染者和未受保护的照顾. However, limited transmission under such restricted circumstances does not indicate that the virus has gained the level of transmissibility among humans necessary to cause a pandemic. 然而,有限的传输限制在这种情况下并不表明病毒已取得的水平在人与人之间传播必要的可以导致大流行.
Phase 4 is characterized by verified human-to-human transmission of an animal or human-animal influenza reassortant virus able to cause “community-level outbreaks.” The ability to cause sustained disease outbreaks in a community marks a significant upwards shift in the risk for a pandemic. 第4阶段的特点是核实人类传播的动物或人类,动物流感病毒能够reassortant事业“社区一级的爆发. ”能够导致疾病的爆发持续了社会的一个重要转变 , 向上的风险对大流行. Any country that suspects or has verified such an event should urgently consult with WHO so that the situation can be jointly assessed and a decision made by the affected country if implementation of a rapid pandemic containment operation is warranted. 任何国家的嫌疑人或已证实这种情况下应紧急磋商 , 以便与卫生组织的情况可以共同评估和作出的决定受影响的国家 , 如果实施行动迅速流行遏制必要. Phase 4 indicates a significant increase in risk of a pandemic but does not necessarily mean that a pandemic is a forgone conclusion. 第4阶段显示出显着增加风险大流行 , 但并不一定意味着大流行是一个放弃的结论.
Phase 5 is characterized by human-to-human spread of the virus into at least two countries in one WHO region. 第5阶段的特点是人与人之间传播的病毒至少有两个国家的人地区. While most countries will not be affected at this stage, the declaration of Phase 5 is a strong signal that a pandemic is imminent and that the time to finalize the organization, communication, and implementation of the planned mitigation measures is short. 虽然大多数国家将不会受到影响在这个阶段,该宣言的第5阶段是一个强有力的信号 , 即大流行迫在眉睫 , 而且时间完成本组织,沟通和执行计划的缓解措施是短.
Phase 6 , the pandemic phase, is characterized by community level outbreaks in at least one other country in a different WHO region in addition to the criteria defined in Phase 5 . 第一阶段6大流行阶段,特点是社区一级的疫情 , 至少有一个其他国家在不同的地区 , 除了世界卫生组织的标准定义的第5阶段 . Designation of this phase will indicate that a global pandemic is under way. 这一阶段的指定将显示 , 全球大流行的工作正在进行.