比较级的相关知识比较级的 笔记

比较级的相关知识
比较级的 笔记

比较级 在英语中通常形容词或副词都有比较级,这些词前加more(如 more natural['ntrl],more clearly )或加后缀 -er(newer,sooner )构成比较级. 比较级的构成规则 在英语中元音特别响亮,一个元音可构成一个音节.一个元音和一个或几个辅音音素结合也可以构成一个音节 划分音节的方法：元音是构成音节的主体,辅音是音节的分界线.两辅音之间不管有多少个元音,一般都是一个音节 1．一般单音节词比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est； （1）单音节词 如：small→smaller→smallest short→shorter→shortest tall→taller→tallest great→greater→greatest （2）双音节词 如：clever['klev]→cleverer→cleverest narrow：['nru] 狭窄 →narrower→narrowest 2．以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st； 如：large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest able ：['eibl] 能够…的 →abler→ablest 3．在重读闭音节（即：辅音＋元音＋辅音）中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est； 如：big→bigger→biggest hot[ht]→hotter→hottest fat[ft]→fatter→fattest 4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est； 比如big中的b,g就是辅音字母.除了a,e,i,o,u, 其他的都是辅音字母 如：easy['i:zi]→easier→easiest heavy['hevi]→heavier→heaviest busy['bizi]→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest 5．其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most； 如：beautiful['bju:tfl]→more beautiful→most beautiful different['difrnt]→more different→most different easily：['i:zili]→more easily→most easily 注意：（1）形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用. 例句： The Sahara [s'hɑ:r] is the biggest desert ['dezt] in the world. （2） 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常". It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 6．有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记. 如：good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill [il] →worse→worst old→older/elder ['eld] →oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far [fɑ:] →further ['f:] /farther ['fɑ:] → furthest/farthest [fɑ:st] 注意： father ['fɑ:] 父亲 比较级的用法 1．“A + be +形容词比较级 + than + B” 意思为“A比B更……”. 如：This tree is taller than that one. 这棵树比那棵树高. 注意： ① 在含有连词than的比较级中,前后的比较对象必须是同一范畴,即同类事物之间的比较. ②在比较级前面使用much,表示程度程度“强得多”. 如：A watermelon ['w:tmeln ] 西瓜 is much bigger than an apple. ③ very, quite [kwait] 一般只能修饰原级,不能修饰比较级. 2．“比较级 + and + 比较级”或“more and more +原级”表示“越来越……” 如：It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来了,天气变得越来越暖和了. It is getting cooler and cooler. 天气越来越凉爽. The wind [waind] became more and more heavily [hevili]. 风变得越来越大. Our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 我们的学校变得越来越美丽. 3．在含有or的选择疑问句中,如果有两者供选择,前面的形容词要用比较级形式. 如：Who is taller,Tim or Tom? 谁更高,Tim还是Tom? 4. “the +比较级……, the+比较级”,表示“越……越……”. The more money you make, the more you spend. 钱你赚得越多,花得越多. The sooner,the better. 越快越好. 5. 表示倍数的比较级用法： ①. A is …times the size [saiz] 尺寸 /height [hait] 高度 /length [leθ] 长度 /width [widθ] 宽度（都是名词） of B. 如：The new building is three times the height of the old one. 这座新楼比那座旧楼高三倍.(新楼是旧楼的四倍高) ②. A is …times as big /high/long/wide [waid] /large （都是形容词） as B. 如：Asia ['e] is four times as large as Europe ['jrp] . 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大.(亚洲比欧洲大三倍) ③. A is …times larger /higher/longer/wider than B. 如：Our school is twice bigger than yours. 我们学校比你们学校大两倍. 6.形容词、副词的最高级形式主要用来表示三者或三者以上人或事物的比较,表示“最……”的意思. 句子中有表示范围的词或短语.如：of the three, in our class等等. 如：He is the tallest in our class. 他在我们班里是最高的. 7.修饰比较级和最高级的词 1）可修饰比较级的词 ①.a bit, a little, rather ['rɑ:] 相当 , much, far 很 , many, a lot, lots, any, still, even ['i:vn]甚至 等. ②. 还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语. ③. 以上词外,必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面. 8.要避免重复使用比较级. (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. 9.要避免将主语含在比较对象中. (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other country in Asia. 10.要注意对应句型,遵循前后一致的原则. The population [ppju'lein] 人口 of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out. 比较级范例 1） ---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes,I'm fine now. A. any well B. any better C. quite good D. quite better any 可修饰比较级,quite修饰原级,well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected. A. more B. much more C. much D. more much much可修饰比较级,因此B,C都说得通,但easier本身已是比较级,不需more,因此C为正确答案. 3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school. A. the happiest time B. a more happier time C. much happiest time D. a much happier time B C D
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