The necklace

这篇文章的重点

解题思路： 如下
解题过程：
要点解析Key points analysis
1.make up 作为及物动词短语,有许多种含义。
①.编制、虚构、捏造
make up a story \ a dialogue编对话、故事
②.组成
Five doctors and ten nurses made up this medical team.
=This medical team was made up of five doctors and ten nurses.
这个医疗队由五名医生和十名护士组成。
③.弥补、补偿
We must make up for the time lost.
我们必须把损失的时间弥补回来。
2.recognize vt.意思是“（辨）认出”
Finally he recognized my voice on the phone.
他终于在电话上听出了我的声音。
My first teacher had changed so much that I couldn’t recognize him at first.
我的启蒙老师变化如此之大，以至于起先我都没认出他来。
【辨析】recognize 瞬时动词，强调“认出从前曾经见过或听说过的人或事物”。
know 延续性动词，意为“相识、认识”，强调早就或一直认识、熟悉的人或事物。
I recognized Jane at the first sight although she was wearing a pair of dark glasses.
尽管珍妮戴着一付墨镜，我还是一眼就认出了她
The had known each other for several years before they got married
他们相识几年之后才结的婚。
3．marry vt 娶、嫁; vi 结婚。使用该动词在表意时要注意其瞬时、状态等的不同形式及其
与介词的搭配。
A marry B （瞬时）
A get married (to B) （瞬时）
A be married( to B) （状态）
例如：
Are you married?
你结婚了没有？
My brother got married to a nurse last month.
上个月我弟弟和一个护士结了婚。
She married a farmer against her mother’s wish.
她违背母亲的意愿嫁给了一个农夫。
In some areas of the countryside, the young usually marry early.
在一些地区的农村很多人都早婚。
She has married all her three daughters.
她把三个女儿都嫁出去了。
The priest is going to marry the young couple on the New Year’s Day.
牧师要在元旦为两位新人主持婚礼。
4. worth adj._having a certain value, of value, equal to 价值、值得
My new jacket is worth 50 yuan.
我的新茄克值五十元。
I’ve spent many sleepless nights on the experiment, but it is worth it.
我已在这项实验上花了许多不眠之夜，但这是值得的。
This film is well worth seeing again.
这部电影值得再看一遍。
另外be worthy也表“值得”之意，但在语言形式上与be worth有很大区别。
be worth +n \ doing （主动式）
be worthy of + n \ being done （被动式）
be worthy to be done
例如：长城很值得再次参观。
The Great Wall is well worth another visit.
The Great Wall is well worth visiting again.
The Great Wall is worthy of another visit.
The Great Wall is worthy of being visited again.
The Great Wall is worthy to be visited again.
5.cost, spend, pay ,take 这四个动词都有“花费、用去”之意，但用法与句型不同。
cost 主语通常为物，用于sth cost sb money
spend 主语通常为人，用于 sb spend time \ money on sth \ (in) doing sth
pay 主语通常为人，意为花钱买或“为付钱”用于 pay money for sth
take 主语通常为物或形式主语it，多指花费时间，用于It takes sb time to do sth
请看例句：
The new house cost all of Mr. Smith’s savings.
新房子花去了史密斯先生所有的积蓄。
I usually spend half an hour (in) learning English the evening.
我通常在晚上花半个小时时间学英语。
How much did you pay for your new car?
(你买)新车花了多少钱？
It took two hundred workers a whole year to complete the bridge.
200名工人花了整整一年时间才建成这座桥。
6．continue vt \ vi _go on with sth; keep doing sth继续
常用下列句式：
continue to do sth
continue doing sth
continue with sth
例如：The heavy rain continued for a week.
这场大雨一连下了一个星期。
Don’t lose your heart, continue with your research.
别灰心，继续研究。
After a short rest, we’ll continue discussing the plan.
休息片刻之后，我们将继续讨论这个问题。
7．accept与receive。这两个词均有“接受、收到”之意。但accept 表示“主观上经过考虑（愿意或乐意）接受、领受”与否，而receive 则表达“客观上收到”与否。
请比较：
My sister received an invitation to a party, but she didn’t want to accept it.
我妹妹收到了参加晚会的请柬，但她并不想接受。
Our teacher won’t accept the plan.
我们老师不会接受这个计划的。
Have you received your mother’s letter?
你收到妈妈的来信了吗？
He accepted my gift gladly.
他愉快地接受了我的礼物。
8．请看下面两个名词的不同形式和含义：
jewellery“珠宝、首饰”的总称。通常为不可数名词，也可拼写为jewelry其可数名词的单
数形式为jewel。同类不可数集体名词还有clothing(衣物)，machinery(机器)，furniture(家具)
等.
times是time的复数形式，意思是“境况、日子、时代、次数、倍数”等。
例如：hard times 艰难时代
modern times现代
several times 几次、几倍
请注意下列几组名词单、复数所表示的不同含义。
work 工作——works 工厂 drink 喝—— drinks 饮料
sand 沙子—— sands 沙滩 force 武力—— forces 军队
paper 纸—— papers 报纸、文件、试卷 good 好处—— goods 货物
9.take up 在本单元意思是“从事（某项工作、任务等）”、“开始干”。
The boy took up basketball at the age of seven.
这个男孩从七岁起就开始打篮球了。
I had expected to take up writing before graduation.
毕业前我盼望着从事写作。
另外take up还有“拿起、占据（空间等）”之意
We can’t put the piano right here. It takes up too much room.
我们不能把钢琴就放在这儿，它占的空间太大了。
He took up his pen and began to write.
他拿起笔写了起来。
10．try on (v+adv) put on clothes, hats or shoes to see if it is fit 试穿（衣物等）
She tried on almost all the hats in the shop before she bought one.
她几乎把店里的帽子都试了一遍才买了一顶。
Never buy shoes without trying them on first.
要买鞋，先试穿。
11．after all, first of all, above all, at all, in all这四组含all短语的意义、用法区别如下：
after all 放句首，意为“要知道、别忘了”用于陈述自己的论点或理由；也用于提醒
或劝服对方。放句末时，意为“毕竟、终归”。表示说话人的态度或某种结果与预期的相
反。
first of all 用于句首，意为“首先”，强调事物或活动顺序。
above all 用于句首，意为“首先、尤为重要的是”，强调说话人所谈内容的重要性。
in all 与数词连用，意为“总共、总计”=altogether
at all 常用于否定句中，表示“一点也不，完全不”。
例如：Why not go and ask Marry for help? After all, she has been your close friend for years.
为什么不向玛丽求助呢？要知道她是你多年的好朋友。
Children need many things, but first of all they need love.
儿童有许多种需求，但首先他们需要爱。
Although we had tried our best, we failed after all.
尽管我们尽了最大的努力，但最终还是失败了。
Don’t tell the secret to anyone, above all, to my wife.
别把这个消息告诉任何人，尤其是别告诉我妻子。
She is not fit for such a job at all.
她根本就不适合干这种工作。
It is reported that 97 people in all were killed in the fire.
据报道这次大火中共计有九十七人丧生。
12．pay off 全部偿还、还清（债务）；pay back归还（借款），报答。
例如：
After many years of hard work, they paid off all their debts at last.
多年辛劳后，他们终于还清了所有债务。
I’ve no idea how I can pay you back for all your help.
我不知道怎样才能报答你对我所有的帮助。
Don’t worry; I’ll pay back the money as soon as possible.
别担心，借款我会尽快还清。
13.call on拜访某人；去某地参观、拜访则用 call at
Whenever I go down town, I’ll call on my uncle.
每当我进城，都要去看望我叔叔。
Call at his house directly if he doesn’t answer the phone.
如果他不接电话，就直接去他家吧。
14．at(the)most“最多、至多”，其反义词 at(the )least为“最少、至少”。
This computer isn’t worth that much at all; it costs 3,000 yuan at the most.
这种电脑根本不值那么多，最多不超过三千元。
You’ll have to pay the boy at least $30 for cleaning all the windows.
你至少的付给这个男孩三十元的窗户擦洗费。
15．not…any more与 not…any longer这两个副词短语都有“不再，再也不”的意思，其 同
义综合表达式还可以是 no more, no longer 。其区别在于：not…any more (no more)强调程
度、数量、次数不再增加、加深或动作终止时的结果，常与名词或瞬时动词连用，多用于
将来 时态。 而not…any longer (no longer)强调时间和状态上不再延续即将现在情况和过去
对比，常与持续性动词连用。
Sorry, Jack no longer works here.
==Jack doesn’t work here any longer.
抱歉，杰克已不再在这上班了。
China is no longer what it used to be.
==China is not what it used to be any longer.
中国不再是昔日之中国。
After that, he wanted no more money from his parents.
从那以后，他再也不向父母要钱了。
As the spaceship travels higher up, there is no more gravity.
随着宇宙飞船越飞越高，就再也没有地心引力了。
The ship sank into the sea, and wasn’t seen any more.
船沉入大海，再也看不见了。
16．on one’s \ the way to 在去某地的途中
on one’s way home 回家途中
on one’s way to work 上班路上
on one’s way from school to hospital 在从学校到医院的途中
另外包含way的短语还有：
by the way 顺便说说、问问
in the way 挡道，妨碍别人
in this way 用这种方法
in a way 在某种程度上，在某种意义上
17．bring out拿出，出版，表现出
She brought all her jewellery for me to choose from.
她拿出自己所有的首饰让我从中挑选。
Our new textbooks will be brought out next month.
我们的新教科书下个月就出版了。
Difficulties can sometimes bring out a person’s best quality.
困难有时可以使人表现出优良的品质。
18．Three friends have been hiking in the mountains all day.
本句have been hiking为现在完成进行时，表示动作从以前开始，持续到现在，而且可能
还要进行下去。
I have been working on the report for 3 days.
这份报告已写了三天了。（==The report hasn’t been completed yet ）
典题MET’98.
__Hi, Nacy, you look tired.
__I am tired. I have been painting the living room all day.
have been painting 意为整天一直在给卧室刷涂料，而且paint的动作正在进行还未结束。
试比较：
I have been translating the story into Chinese. (unfinished)
我一直在把这个故事翻译成中文。
I have translated the story into Chinese. (finished)
我已经把这个故事翻译成了中文。
19．Can’t you just wear a flower instead?
你难道不可以就戴朵花算了吗？（还是戴朵花算了吧）
否定问句也叫修辞问句，这种句式有很强的表义功能，其基本含义有以下几种：
Don’t you think we should try again? (making suggestion 表示提出建议或看法)
你不觉得我们应该再试试吗？
Haven’t you met her before? (showing surprise 表惊讶、不信)
难道你还没有见到他吗？
Can’t you come a little early? (criticizing，表责备、不满)
难道你就不能早点来？
Isn’t it an interesting film?
电影太有趣了。（表感叹）
当用这种句型表疑问时，请注意其答语与汉语的不同：
__Didn’t he tell you the truth? （难道他没告诉你真相吗？）
__Yes, he did. （不，他告诉我了）
__No, he didn’t. （是的，他没有）
20．I would rather not我不愿意告诉你。
would rather通常表示主观上的意愿或选择，可译为“宁可，宁愿”。常在以下句式中出 现：
Which would you rather have, tea or coffee?
你喜欢喝茶还是咖啡呢？
I would rather stay at home at weekend.
周末我宁可呆在家里。
I would rather not help him just at this time. （注意否定词not的位置）
此刻我不愿意帮他的忙。
I would rather give her some money than give her a hand.
==I would give her some money rather than give her a hand.
(would rather…than…为平行结构，均要用动词原形)
我愿意给她一些钱而不愿意帮她的忙。
I would rather that you came tomorrow. （that 从句中谓语动词使用过去式）
我希望你明天来。
21.Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your home and borrowed a diamond necklace?
when I came…是定语从句，被ten years ago将其与先行词one afternoon隔开。限定性定语从句常常紧跟在被修饰词之后，但有时由于句子内容或行文的需要而被其它句子成份隔开，形成分隔性定语从句。理解时，需要仔细辨别。
例如：
He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.
他是学生中唯一通过考试的。
The days are gone forever when we used foreign oil.
我们使用洋油的日子一去不复返了。
为便于行文紧凑，上句还可调整为：
Gone forever are the days when we used foreign oil.
22．There were so many beautiful things that it was had to choose.
漂亮的首饰太多了，实在难以挑选。
so…that意思是“如此…，以致于”，通常引导结果状语从句。
so之后常跟形容词、副词。若使用名词，则名词前一定要用 many、much等不定代词。
He was so careless that he made several mistakes in the exam.
他太粗心了，以致在考试中出了好几处错误。
He lived so far away from the company that he had to go to work by taxi every day.
他的驻地离公司太远，不得不每天打的上班。
Soon there were so many children that the family didn’t have enough food to support them.
很快因为孩子太多，家里没有足够的食物养活他们。
再请注意本句型与such… that 句型的转换及修饰语部分与中心词的词序。
这部电影太有意思了，我们想再看一遍。
The film was so interesting that we wanted to see it again.
It was such an interesting film that we wanted to see it again.
It was so interesting a film that we wanted to see it again.
23. And then I saw a lovely diamond necklace with a big blue stone in the centre.
后来，我看到一条美丽的钻石项链，中间还镶着一颗大的蓝宝石。
with a big blue stone in the centre由 “with +n +prep phrase”构成，叫做 with的复合结构或无主格结构，在句中常作定语或状语。
Did you see a woman with a baby in her arms?
你有没有看见一个怀抱孩子的妇女？
Our teacher came in, with a book in his hand.
老师进来了，手里拿着一本书。
The poor girl looked at me, with tears in her eyes.
那个可怜的小姑娘眼泪汪汪地看着我。
24. 情态动词must, can \could, may \ might的用法
⑴.must
①表示“必须、一定”，否定式must not和 mustn’t表示强烈的禁止，意思为“不得、不 准、
不许”。
例如：
Everyone must obey the traffic rules.
人人都必须遵守交通规则。
You must tell me the truth.
你必须告诉我真相。
Students mustn’t cheat in any kinds of exams.
禁止学生在任何形式的考试中作弊。
②.表示说话人对某种情况的推测。可译为“一定、准是”，常用于肯定句。
He must be working in the classroom, for the lights are still on.
他一定还在用功，因为教室的灯还亮着。
You must be tired after a day’s hard work.
一天辛劳之后你一定是累了。
③.回答must问句时，否定式常用 needn’t或You’d better not表示“不行”使语气更委婉，
mustn’t则表示“禁止”。
—Must I do it right now?
我现在立刻就做这事吗？
—Yes, you must.
是的，你非做不可。
—No, you needn’t.
不，你不必现在就做。
—No, you mustn’t.
不，你现在别做。
⑵. can\could
①. 表示具备某种“技能”或“能力”could为 can的过去式。
I can swim across the river.
我能游到河那边去。
We can’t finish the task within such a short time.
我们不可能在如此短的时间内完成这项任务。
I can speak very good English now, but a few years ago I couldn’t.
现在我能说一口流利的英语，但前几年我不能。
②.常用于问句中，用来征询对方的许可或提出请求，could为 can的 委婉式,口语中可与may互换。
Can \Could \ May I have a few words with you?
我能和您说几句话吗？
Could you please let me have a look?
能让我瞧瞧吗？
Can \ Could you speak a little slowly?
请您稍微讲慢点，行吗？
③.在陈述句中表“许可”，可与may互换。
You can \ may go now.
你可以走了。
You can’t watch TV too long.
你看电视时间不能太长。
④.在疑问句和否定句中表推测。
—Look, someone is coming this way. Who can it be?
瞧，有人来了，可能是谁呢？
—It can’t be professor Li; he has gone abroad.
不可能是李教授，他出国了。
⑶.may \might
①.表示允许或在问句中征询对方许可，might 为may 的委婉式，可与can互用，其否定式可用may not（可译为“不可以”，语气较委婉）也可以用mustn’t（语气强硬,表示禁止）
Might \ May I use your bike?
我可以借用以下您的自行车吗？
You may come either tomorrow or the day after tomorrow.
你可以明天来也可以后天来。
---Can \ May \Might I take the seat beside you?
我可以坐您旁边这个座位吗？
---Of course, you may. (不可以用you might)
当然可以。
---No you mustn’t, it’s broken.
你千万别坐那儿，椅子已经坏了。
②.表示可能性的推测，may的可能性比 might稍大。
The news may \ might be true.
这个消息说不定是真的。
There may be something wrong with the engine, but I’m not sure of it.
或许发动机有什么故障，但我不能肯定。
最终答案：略