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英语语法问题 回答精简+50分以上

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英语语法问题 回答精简+50分以上
英语的 什么什么动词啊 什么 什么 句型啊 反正是初中语法就对 了 请锅炉 的 好 心人 施舍一 点知识吧,滴水之恩定当涌泉相报!
书中知识太多了 难得找 我 先看看
英语语法问题 回答精简+50分以上
1. be动词:am(用于第一人称I),is(用于第三人称she,he,it),are(用于第二人称或者复数形式),后面的动词用ing形式-----最基本的.

2. 情态动词:情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,但要与动词原形及其被动语态一起使用. 情态动词后面加动词原形.
情态动词大致分四种:
①只做情态动词:must,can(could),may(might),ought to
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:need,dare
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),will(would)
④具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to
情态动词无人称和数的变化,有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式可用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气.如:he could be here soon. 他将要来这儿.
否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not",疑问式或附加疑问式将情态动词提前.如:She can dance.她会跳舞--She can not dance.(否定式)
Can she sing?(疑问式)
3.助动词:协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词.常用的助动词有be,have,do,will,shall等
助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用,可以用来:
a. 表示时态,例如:
He is singing. 他在唱歌.
He has got married. 他已结婚.
b. 表示语态,例如:
He was sent to England. 他被派往英国.
c. 构成疑问句,例如:
Do you like college life? 你喜欢大学生活吗?
Did you study English before you came here? 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?
d. 与否定副词not合用,构成否定句,例如:
I don't like him. 我不喜欢他.
e. 加强语气,例如:
Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会.
He did know that. 他的确知道那件事.
4.不定式定义:由to+动词原形构成.一般在一整句后表目的.
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 (not) to make (not) to be made
完成式 (not) to have made ( not) to have been made
进行式 (not) to be making (not)to have been making
疑问词who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语、宾语、表 语等.如:
①When to leave for London has not been decided yet. (不定式在句子中做主语)
②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there. (不定式在句子中做宾语)
③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well. (不定式在句子中做间接宾语)
④The question was where to get the medicine needed. (不定式在句子中表语)
这些动词只能跟不定式来构成句子:
afford (付得起),agree(同意),aim(力求做到), appear(显得),arrange(安排),ask(要求),attempt (试图),care(想要),choose(决定),claim(声称),condescend(屈尊),consent(准许),decide(决定),demand(要求),determine(决心),endeavor(竭力),expect(期待),fail(未履行),help(帮助),hesitate(犹豫),hope(希望),learn(学会),manage(设法),neglect(疏忽),offer(主动提出),plan(计划),prepare(准备),pretend(假装),proceed(接着做),promise(答应),prove(证明),refuse(拒绝),resolve(解决),seem(觉得好像),swear(发誓),tend(往往会),threaten(预示),undertake(承诺),volunteer(自愿做),vow(发誓),want(想要),wish(希望)

5.动名词:一种兼有动词和名词特征的词.一般由动词原形+ing构成,具有名词,动词一些特征.
可以作主语: 如:Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术.
Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山是真有趣.
动名词作主语,有时先用it作形式主语,把动名词置于句末.这种用法在习惯句型中常用.如:
It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 洒掉的牛奶哭也没用.
在口语中,用动名词作主语位于句首的较不定式多见.
2)在“It is no use...”,“It is no good...”,“It is fun...”,“It is a waste of time...”等句型中,通常用动名词作真实主语:
It is no use/good/a waste of time talking about that.
*It is no use/good/a waste of time to talk about that.
6. 实义动词:及物动词(带宾语);不及物动词(不带宾语).
实义动词与系动词是相对的,系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况.
*及物动词:
后面必须跟宾语意义才完整的实义动词,叫做及物动词(transitive verb).如:“How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问:“这本书我可以借多久?”
*不及物动词: 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词,叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb).如:
Birds fly.鸟会飞.
It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月.

7. 系动词亦称连系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语(亦称补语)(形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况.
有些系动词又是实义动词,该动词表达实义时,有词义,可单独作谓语,例如:
He fell ill yesterday.
他昨天病了.(fell是系动词,后跟补足语,说明主语情况.)
系动词分类: 1)状态系动词
用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher. 他是一名教师.(is与补足语一起说明主语的身份.)
2)持续系动词
用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如:
He always kept silent at meeting. 他开会时总保持沉默.
This matter rests a mystery. 此事仍是一个谜.
3)表像系动词
用来表示"看起来像"这一概念,主要有seem, appear, look, 例如:
He looks tired. 他看起来很累.
He seems (to be) very sad. 他看起来很伤心.
4)感官系动词
感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
这种布手感很软.
This flower smells very sweet.
这朵花闻起来很香.
5)变化系动词
这些系动词表示主语变成什么样,变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
例如:
He became mad after that. 自那之后,他疯了.
She grew rich within a short time. 她没多长时间就富了.
6)终止系动词
表示主语已终止动作,主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意,例如:
The rumor proved false. 这谣言证实有假.
The search proved difficult. 搜查证实很难.
His plan turned out a success. 他的计划终于成功了.(turn out表终止性结果)

以上大概就是动词的所有形态了!
&*&*&*&*&--句型--&*&*&*&*&

以下是比较常见的:
① 主语+不及物动词.如:I arrived at six last night.
② 主语+及物动词+宾语,如:I bought a good English?Chinese Dictionary yesterday.
③ 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语,如:Please tell me a story before I go to bed. 这样可加双宾语的句子有buy,tell, give, ask, pass, teach.
④ 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语,如:I found it impossible to do it. Please keep the classroom clean and tidy.
⑤ 初中常见的句型中有There be…句型,表示存在某种事物,如:There is a map on the wall?其be动词的形式要与其后面相近的那个名词相一致.
要注意的是这种句型加入助动词后,也要保持be动词,不要换用have,如:There is going to be a meeting tomorrow.?
在句子结构中要注意主谓一致的问题,即句子的主语与谓语动词要相呼应.要注意的有如下几点:
① 用and连接两个主语时一般应视为复数,但如一人身兼两职时则要用单数谓语动词形式,如:A singer and dancer is coming to our party. a singer and dancer 既歌唱又可舞的演员.而 a singer and a dancer 则要译为:一位歌唱家和一位舞蹈家.
②有些以 s 结尾的名词谓语动词要用单数,如: The news is good (news 为不可数名词).
③ 有量词时应按量词的数量计算;如: This pair of glasses is good? My glasses are broken.
④有些形单却意为复数的名词,如: People are coming here? 这样的词还有 Police, 如果要讲一个警察时,应讲 a policeman. 两个警察为 two policemen. 又如 a policewoman, two policewomen?
⑤ 所有不定代词 nothing, anyone, anything, someone, something … 要作为单数如: Someone is waiting for you?

以下是短语:
not only … but also 不但...而且...
neither … nor 既不...也不...
either … or? 要么...要么...
get up 起床
give up 放弃
so that 以至于
take it easy 放松
the pride of...
It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" 该……了
It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了"
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败.
would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'.
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还有很多...好累...不发了...