英语翻译Team cohesionWe measured team cohesion by modifying Carl

英语翻译
Team cohesion
We measured team cohesion by modifying Carless and De Paola’s (2000) scale on work team
cohesion to the context of a new venture.Specifically,we used a three-item scale [α = 0.91] to
measure team cohesion,asking team members to rate the following statements using a five-point
Likert scale anchored from ‘strongly disagree’ to ‘strongly agree’:(i) Team members have a
close relationship with each other; (ii) team members like to spend time together outside of work;
and (iii) team members consider themselves personal friends.We averaged each team member’s
response to the three items to obtain a composite score for cohesion.We then averaged this
score within the entrepreneurial team to compute team cohesion.The average James et al.’s (1984)
interrater reliability coefficient Rwg(3) statistic for this scale was 0.9,indicating a high level of interrater agreement.The coefficient of team cohesion × network constraint should be negative and significant if Hypothesis 3 is supported.
Functional diversity
We measured functional diversity within the team using the Blau (1977) index.This measure was
computed using self-reported functional areas of expertise by individual team members in our
survey.
Functional diversity
We measured functional diversity within the team using the Blau (1977) index.This measure was
computed using self-reported functional areas of expertise by individual team members in our
survey.
Control variables
Our research design controls for industry effects by focusing on a single industry.Drawing on prior
research (e.g.,Baum,Locke,and Smith,2001; Beckman et al.,2007; Roure and Keeley,1990),
we controlled for the following firm and team specific effects:(i) Venture size,using the logged
number of full time employees; (ii) Venture age,using firm age in years; (iii) Professional investor
backed,set to one for venture capital or angel investor-backed ventures,and zero otherwise; and
(iv) Prior start-up experience within the team,by summing the count of new ventures started by the
team members before the current one.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Descriptive statistics and correlations of all the variables are presented in Table 1.As the table shows,correlations among the independent variables suggest that multicolinearity is unlikely to be a problem.
Table 2 presents the results of our model predicting venture growth performance.Model 1 is the base model and includes only the control variables,followed by Model 2 that includes the main effects
of external networks and internal team dynamics— network constraint,strategic consensus,and
team cohesion.Model 3 tests the full model with interaction effect between network constraint and
the two team dynamics variables—strategic consensus and team cohesion.
呵呵~这个最后肯定还是要我自己翻的~但是我想看看有没有更多的东西可以参考·~分是一定会送出去的~

我们通过修改对上下文的一个新的风险的工作团队凝聚力 Carless 和德佩 (2000) 尺度衡量团队凝聚力的团队凝聚力.特别,我们使用一个三项规模 [α = 0.91] 来衡量团队凝聚力,要求团队成员率五点李克特量表使用以下语句从强烈反对到强烈赞成的定位：(i) 团队的成员具有相互紧密的关系 ； (ii) 团队成员喜欢花时间一起之外的工作 ； 及 (iii) 团队成员认为自己的个人的朋友.我们的平均每个团队成员回应这三个项目,以获取的凝聚力的综合得分.然后,我们平均此计算团队凝聚力创业团队中的得分.之零点九,该值指示 interrater 协议的高水平的平均涂 et al （1984） interrater 可靠性系数 Rwg(3) 统计的规模.团队凝聚力 × 网络约束的系数应负和假设 3 受支持的显著.我们测量功能的多样性,Blau (1977) 指数的团队中的功能的多样性.这项措施被计算使用 self-reported 功能区的专业知识在我们的调查中的单个团队成员由.我们测量功能的多样性,Blau (1977) 指数的团队中的功能的多样性.这项措施被计算使用 self-reported 功能区的专业知识在我们的调查中的单个团队成员由.通过注重于一个单一的工业控制变量工业影响我们研究设计的控件.对以前研究 （例如,鲍姆、 洛克和史密斯,2001 ； 贝克曼 et al,2007年 ； Roure 和 Keeley,1990年),我们控制以下公司和团队的特定作用：使用全职员工的记录的数 ； 用来确定年龄的风险 (ii) 年龄 ； (iii) 专业投资者支持的 (i) 风险大小设置为一项创业资金或天使投资者支持企业及零其它物质 ； 以及 (iv) 之前启动经验所概述的新的合资企业的计数的团队在开始之前在当前的团队成员.结果及讨论描述性的统计数字及相关的所有变量是在表 1 中提交.如表所示间独立变量的相关建议 multicolinearity 不可能成为一个问题.表二列出我们模型预测风险生长的结果.模型 1 是基本的模型,并包括只有控制变量,包括外部网络和内部团队动态的主要影响的模型 2 后跟 — 网络约束、 战略的协商一致和团队凝聚力.测试网络约束和两个小组动态变量之间的互作效应的完整模型的模型 3 — 战略的协商一致和团队凝聚力.